If
your holiday shopping this season finds you in a bookstore, ask for
the section on presidential history and take a peek. I'll hazard a
guess you'll find literally hundreds of works of presidential
history, from the scholarly tomes with hundreds of footnotes to the
downright silly works on presidential pets.
Now, take a moment and imagine it's 2033, and you're looking for a nice downloadable e-book history of the Clinton or Bush presidency.
What you find is truly disappointing: They look and feel like history, but sit down and read one, and the experience is wholly unsatisfying. Where is the background, the context provided by all of those once-classified memos detailing the West Wing intrigue that makes history truly come to life? Instead, we get the learned best guesses of the nation's finest historians working without their tools: the primary documents that make history, well, history.
Sounds like a nightmare, eh? It's reality, for the moment, and it will rob us of our nation's historical record unless We the People wake up and do something about it.
A bit of history we do know: In November 2001, just as the National Archives were preparing to release a small portion of the records of the Reagan administration, President George W. Bush issued Executive Order 13233. The order gives former presidents and their assignees the right to prevent the release of presidential papers - forever. It also allows a sitting president to block the release of a former president's records, even after that former president has signaled his approval. It requires that those who challenge the action of either a former president or the sitting president seek redress in court.
Historians, most of Congress, and Americans who know that our history begets our future howled in protest, and our elected representatives slowly but surely swung into action. The House passed the Presidential Records Act Amendments of 2007 (H.R. 1255/S. 886) by a veto-proof margin (333-93), with 104 Republicans breaking ranks with the administration.
The bill would nullify the Bush executive order and re-establish procedures to ensure the timely release of presidential records that the Presidential Records Act was designed to ensure. The bill also has broad bipartisan support in the Senate, and cleared the Senate Homeland Security & Government Affairs Committee by voice vote earlier this year.
We were well on our way to reclaiming our history, when on September 24, 2007, Senator Jim Bunning (R-Kentucky) objected to floor consideration of H.R. 1255/S. 886 under unanimous consent, holding up a vote on the bill. Despite repeated requests from a host of historical, news-media, and open-government organizations, Senator Bunning has refused to state the reasons for his opposition to the bill. Recently, the White House reiterated its threat to veto the bill should it pass Congress.
For the second time this year, a lone senator has acted in the least democratic way possible to commit an act of legislative hostage-taking. You may recall Senator Jon Kyl's secret hold on meaningful reforms to the federal Freedom of Information Act. Senator Kyl (R-Arizona), to his credit, ultimately chose to voice his objections and work to address them. No such luck with Senator Bunning, who prefers his lawmaking be done in silence. The World's Greatest Deliberative Body is neither great nor terribly deliberative in this instance.
When the history of this sad spectacle is written, it will note that the Presidential Records Act gutted by the president and aided and abetted by the callous silence of Senator Bunning comes with a rather remarkable history of its own.
It's worth remembering that the Presidential Records Act of 1978 emerged from the tattered remnants of the Nixon presidency, in direct reaction to another presidential power grab. It's a remarkably straightforward piece of legislation: Under the law, the U.S. government asserts complete "ownership, possession, and control" of all presidential and vice-presidential records. Upon conclusion of the president's term in office, the National Archivist is required to assume custody of the records, and to make them available to the public when permissible under the Presidential Records Act. Access to the records can be denied after the end of the 12-year embargo only if a former or incumbent president claims an exemption based on a "constitutionally based" executive privilege or continuing national security concern.
It's simple, really: The Bush administration wants to write its own history. Future presidents, Republican or Democrat, will find that sort of control downright intoxicating. If this executive order is not overturned by Congress it will allow presidents, their heirs, and - for the first time - vice presidents and their heirs, to deny the American people access to the full historical record of all future administrations.
And that is guaranteed to produce some tired pickings at your local bookstore in the near future.
Charles N. Davis, a member of the Society of Professional Journalists' Freedom of Information Committee, serves as the executive director of the National Freedom of Information Coalition at the University of Missouri School of Journalism.
