Findings Suggest Amount of Time Spent and Social Comparison on Facebook Impacts Mental Health

The social media site, Facebook, can be an effective tool for connecting with new and old friends. However, some users may find themselves spending quite a bit of time viewing Facebook and may inevitably begin comparing what's happening in their lives to the activities and accomplishments of their friends.

According to University of Houston (UH) researcher Mai-Ly Steers, this kind of social comparison paired with the amount of time spent on Facebook may be linked to depressive symptoms. Steers' research on the topic is presented in the article, "Seeing Everyone Else's Highlight Reels: How Facebook Usage is Linked to Depressive Symptoms" published in the Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology.

"Although social comparison processes have been examined at length in traditional contexts, the literature is only beginning to explore social comparisons in online social networking settings," said Steers, a doctoral candidate in social psychology at UH.

Steers conducted two studies to investigate how social comparison to peers on Facebook might impact users' psychological health. Both studies provide evidence that Facebook users felt depressed when comparing themselves to others.

"It doesn't mean Facebook causes depression, but that depressed feelings and lots of time on Facebook and comparing oneself to others tend to go hand in hand," said Steers.

The first study found an association between time spent on Facebook and depressive symptoms for both genders. However, the results demonstrated that making Facebook social comparisons mediated the link between time spent on Facebook and depressive symptoms for men only. Similarly, the second study found a relationship between the amount of time spent on Facebook and depressive symptoms was mediated by social comparisons on Facebook. Unlike the first study, gender did not moderate these associations.

The concept of social comparison is not new.  In fact, it has been studied in face-to-face contexts since the 1950's.  However, engaging in social comparisons on online social media sites may make people feel even worse.

"One danger is that Facebook often gives us information about our friends that we are not normally privy to, which gives us even more opportunities to socially compare," Steers said. "You can't really control the impulse to compare because you never know what your friends are going to post. In addition, most of our Facebook friends tend to post about the good things that occur in their lives, while leaving out the bad.  If we're comparing ourselves to our friends' 'highlight reels,' this may lead us to think their lives are better than they actually are and conversely, make us feel worse about our own lives."

Steers said that people afflicted with emotional difficulties may be particularly susceptible to depressive symptoms due to Facebook social comparison after spending more time on medium.  For already distressed individuals, this distorted view of their friends' lives may make them feel alone in their internal struggles, which may compound their feelings of loneliness and isolation.

"This research and previous research indicates the act of socially comparing oneself to others is related to long-term destructive emotions. Any benefit gained from making social comparisons is temporary and engaging in frequent social comparison of any kind may be linked to lower well-being," said Steers.

Steers hopes the results of these studies will help people understand that technological advances often possess both intended and unintended consequences. Further, she hopes her research will help guide future interventions that target the reduction of Facebook use among those at risk for depression.

To read the press release on the UH website, please visit http://www.uh.edu/news-events/stories/2015/April/040415FaceookStudy

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About the University of Houston
The University of Houston is a Carnegie-designated Tier One public research university recognized by The Princeton Review as one of the nation's best colleges for undergraduate education. UH serves the globally competitive Houston and Gulf Coast Region by providing world-class faculty, experiential learning and strategic industry partnerships. Located in the nation's fourth-largest city, UH serves more than 40,500 students in the most ethnically and culturally diverse region in the country.

3 Reasons A Fitness and Wellness Regimen Can Empower Women
Celebrity Trainer Holly Perkins Says Women Should Look Great To Please Themselves, Not Others

From an early age, women have foisted on them images of the "ideal" female body, and self-esteem can plummet when they fail to measure up.

But celebrity trainer Holly Perkins says it's time women stop buying into those societal pressures.

"There's this perception that all women need to look like perfect runway models," says Perkins, a leading national weight-loss expert. "They can feel the anxiety building when they are trying to meet someone else's expectations. That's when the effort to lose weight or get fit can add to the stresses of life instead of relieving them."

Certainly, women should want to improve their health, get fit and look gorgeous all at the same time, says Perkins, who recently released a home-exercise system designed specifically for women called baladea (www.baladea.com), with regimens she developed to fuse fitness and wellness exercises.

But getting in shape needs to be something women want for themselves, and not an effort to mimic some airbrushed image on a magazine cover at the supermarket, she says.

Perkins realized several years ago that her clients met their weight-loss goals faster when she created programs that addressed both their fitness and wellness needs at the same time.

They also felt happier about themselves. So she incorporated yoga and other stress-relieving and relaxation techniques into the baladea program.

Perkins offers three reasons why the right fitness and wellness regimen can empower women and emancipate them from society's image pressures:

•  Because looking good makes you feel good. That's especially true when you're trying to look good to please yourself and not others, Perkins says. "There's this sense of empowerment when you exercise, eat a healthier diet and lose weight because it's what you want and not because of peer pressure or societal pressures," she says.

Self-esteem rises when you improve your image on your terms, she says, and as a result "looking gorgeous never felt better."

•  Because the science says so. Research shows that stress can keep you from losing weight and might even cause you to add pounds. Even if you eat well and exercise, an excessive amount of stress can counteract all your efforts. That's why meshing fitness and wellness works so well, Perkins says.

"Stress reduction and relaxation can significantly improve weight loss," she says. "That allows you to look and feel your absolute best."

•  Because while improving your look, you also become healthier. You will feel amazing not just because of elevated self-esteem, but because your body really is functioning better because of the diet and exercise, Perkins says. Your energy level will rise and "you will feel ready for anything," she says.

"You can look awesome and you can feel happy at the same time," Perkins says. "It's all about letting your true self shine."

About Holly Perkins

Holly Perkins is a national fitness expert and developer of baladea (www.baladea.com), a customizable fitness and wellness system for women. She holds a bachelor's degree in Exercise Physiology and is a Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS), one of the most prestigious certifications in the industry. She believes that making fitness a fun lifestyle is the best way to achieve true change. As one of the nation's leading weight-loss experts and a highly sought-after celebrity trainer, she has been featured in numerous magazines, newspapers and on national TV shows.

The Children's Organ Transplant Association (COTA) was founded in 1986 when residents of Bloomington, Indiana, rallied around a toddler who needed a life-saving liver transplant.  In less than eight weeks, the community raised $100,000 to place the boy on the organ waiting list.  But the child died before an organ became available.  Those community volunteers, along with his parents, turned tragedy into triumph by using the funds they raised to help other transplant families. That was the beginning of COTA.

Since that time, COTA has assisted thousands of patients by helping to raise funds for transplant-related expenses.  COTA has built extensive volunteer networks across the nation in an attempt to ensure that no child or young adult needing an organ or tissue transplant is excluded from a transplant waiting list due to a lack of funds.

COTA needs your help to make sure that tragedies, like the one that was the catalyst in founding COTA, are not repeated.

Every day 21 people die waiting for an organ transplant here in the United States.  April is National Donate Life Month.  One organ donor can save eight lives. Please register today to become an organ donor by going to www.donatelife.net and registering to be an organ donor in your state.

You can do more. Find out how you can help a COTA family living nearby who needs your help by visiting www.cota.org and clicking on the COTA Families link at the top of the page.

The Children's Organ Transplant Association is a national charity based in Bloomington, Indiana, which is dedicated to guiding communities in raising funds for transplant-related expenses. COTA's priority is to assure that no child or young adult is denied a transplant due to lack of funds. 100% of all funds raised in honor of patients are used for transplant-related expenses.

Monday, April 6, 2015 - 2pm until 7pm

Fellowship Hall, 333 W Lotte St, Blue Grass, Iowa

www.bloodcenter.org

The Prescription Could Be An Injection
Of Humanity, Physician Says

The changes in medical care over the last five decades have been dramatic.

Technological and scientific advances gave patients access to a level of medical diagnosis and care previously undreamed of.

During this time, Medicare, Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act provided more people with the opportunity to take advantage of that care.

Yet despite all that extraordinary progress something is missing, says J. Joseph Marr, author of the book "Fall From Grace: A Physician's Retrospective on the Past Fifty Years of Medicine and the Impact of Social Change." (www.jjmarr.com)

The role of the physician as healer and patient confidant has degenerated to manager of a health care team. The personal interaction of physician and patient has largely disappeared as well.

The problem as Marr sees it is this: The entry of corporate for-profit health care destroyed the soul of medicine; it destroyed the doctor-patient relationship through its demands for brief patient encounters; and, most important, changed the focus of medicine from patient care to quarterly earnings.

"The tragedy in the past half century is that the astounding improvements in technology have cost us the human touch," he says. "That's almost completely because of corporate business practices in the health-care and insurance industries."

The system is not going to change, Marr says, but the medical community could improve it by injecting more humanity into the system.

"The interaction between a person with a medical problem and the physician who attempts to heal that person is one of the most human and personal of relationships," he says. "But it does not lend itself to accounting ledgers, quarterly earnings postings and visits per hour."

Marr says there are several ways the medical community can try to make a difference:

•  Shine the light on misinformation. Physicians can educate the public to counter direct advertising about drugs and talk show misinformation. This would require a conscious change in attitude and a rededication to the physician-patient relationship that once existed, Marr says. This attitude change would communicate itself quickly to the patient. What was once a brief, impersonal office visit would become more personal, even if still brief.

•  Create a relationship. Physicians can put that attitude change into practice with an extra question about family, some advice beyond drugs or surgical procedures, and the kinds of human inquiries that we all appreciate, but are largely absent from current patient encounters. "Physicians still are shocked by what has occurred and cowed by the pronouncements that come from the corporate philistines in charge of health care," Marr says.

•  Speak up. Most people recognize the high cost of care as a very serious problem for the country. Physicians, individually and collectively, must speak out against these costs and advocate measures to mitigate them, Marr says. A demonstration by the medical profession that it is as appalled by the changes in health care as is the general public would go far toward restoring the public trust in physicians, he says.

"Fifty years ago we physicians were accustomed to speaking out against injustice and expressing our opinions openly," Marr says. "When did we become so passive and pliable? Are we as concerned about money and perquisites as those in the corporate suites? Let us hope not and begin to behave accordingly."

About J. Joseph Marr, MD

J. Joseph Marr, MD is a retired academic physician and pharmaceutical and biotechnology executive. He earned a bachelor's degree in biology from Xavier University in Ohio, and his medical degree from the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Dr. Marr has been a member of Boards of Directors of public, private, and nonprofit organizations. He is the author of more than 200 academic publications; authored and edited six books; and published short stories, essays, and poems. He lives near Denver, Colorado.

(DES MOINES) - Iowa Gov. Terry Branstad today signed the following bill into law:

House File 395: an Act relating to the regulation of pharmacy benefits managers and including effective date provisions.

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(April 1, 2015) ?The American Red Cross encourages eligible blood donors to make a difference in the lives of patients this spring by giving blood.

Donated blood is perishable and must be constantly replenished to keep up with the demand. Red blood cells, with a shelf life of only 42 days, are the most frequently transfused blood component, and are always needed by hospitals.

Eligible donors can give red cells through either a regular whole blood donation or a double red cell donation, where available. Double red cell donations yield twice the usual amount of red cells in a single appointment and are accepted at select donation locations. Double red cell donors must meet additional eligibility criteria, which will be determined at the donation appointment.

Donors with all blood types are needed, especially those with types O negative, A negative and B negative. Whole blood can be donated every 56 days, and double red cells may be donated every 112 days, up to three times per year.

To find a donation opportunity or make an appointment to give blood, download the Red Cross Blood Donor App, visit redcrossblood.org or call 1-800-RED CROSS (1-800-733-2767).

Upcoming blood donation opportunities

Carroll County

Mount Carroll

4/17/2015: 1 p.m. - 6 p.m., United Methodist Church, 216 S. Main Street

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Clinton County

Clinton

4/18/2015: 9 a.m. - 1 p.m., Prince of Peace Academy Grade School, 312 South 4th Street


Goose Lake

4/20/2015: 12 p.m. - 6 p.m., Northeast High School, 3690 Hwy 136

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Henry County

Galva

4/24/2015: 10 a.m. - 2 p.m., Black Hawk College - East, 26230 Black Hawk Road

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Lee County

Dixon

4/21/2015: 9:30 a.m. - 5:30 p.m., Katherine Shaw Bethea Hospital, 403 E. First Street

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Mercer County

Aledo

4/21/2015: 11:30 a.m. - 5:30 p.m., VFW Hall, 106 SW 3rd Ave.

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Scott County

Davenport

4/20/2015: 12 p.m. - 5 p.m., Christ's Family Church, 4601 Utica Ridge Road

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Whiteside County

Fulton

4/28/2015: 8 a.m. - 1 p.m., Robert Fulton Community Center, 912 4th Street

Rock Falls

4/22/2015: 10 a.m. - 2 p.m., American Red Cross, 112 W. Second St.

4/29/2015: 2 p.m. - 6 p.m., American Red Cross, 112 W. Second St.

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How to donate blood

Simply download the American Red Cross Blood Donor App, visit redcrossblood.org or call 1-800-RED CROSS (1-800-733-2767) to make an appointment or for more information. All blood types are needed to ensure a reliable supply for patients. A blood donor card or driver's license or two other forms of identification are required at check-in. Individuals who are 17 years of age (16 with parental consent in some states), weigh at least 110 pounds and are in generally good health may be eligible to donate blood. High school students and other donors 18 years of age and younger also have to meet certain height and weight requirements.

About the American Red Cross

The American Red Cross shelters, feeds and provides emotional support to victims of disasters; supplies about 40 percent of the nation's blood; teaches skills that save lives; provides international humanitarian aid; and supports military members and their families. The Red Cross is a not-for-profit organization that depends on volunteers and the generosity of the American public to perform its mission. The Red Cross is supported in part through generous financial donations from the United Way. For more information, please visit redcross.org or visit us on Twitter at @RedCross.


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(DES MOINES) - Iowa Gov. Terry E. Branstad and Lt. Gov. Kim Reynolds today applauded the Iowa State Senate for passing Senate File 345, a bill that works to prevent bullying in Iowa schools. The bill passed with bipartisan support, 43-7.  

"I am pleased that the Iowa Senate today joined Lieutenant Governor Reynolds and me in calling for ending bullying in Iowa," said Branstad. "Every child in Iowa deserves to go to school in a safe and respectful learning environment. The passage of Senate File 345 will give schools the tools they need to prevent bulling. I'm hopeful that the bill will receive support in the Iowa House and come to my desk for final approval." 

 

"As a mother and grandmother, I know it's critically important for Iowa to protect our children from bullying," said Reynolds. "The simple truth is that bullying is hurtful, and does not support and promote a healthy learning environment." 

recent poll showed that Iowans strongly support anti-bullying measures. The poll conducted in February of 2015 showed 73 percent of Iowans support it, while 23 percent oppose it.

 

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SPRINGFIELD, Ill. - Women across Illinois may soon have assurance that preventative screenings will be covered in their insurance plans under legislation offered by state Rep. Mike Smiddy, D-Hillsdale, which advances in committee today.
"Research has consistently shown that early detection is the key to treating breast cancer," Smiddy said. "The opportunity to detect and fight breast cancer in its early stages should be available to every woman in Illinois."
House Bill 3673 requires that every insurance plan in Illinois include preventative breast cancer screening for women 35 years and older. The bill mandates that the screening centers be certified by the American college of Radiology. For his work attempting to expand breast cancer screening, Smiddy was honored by the Metropolitan Breast Cancer Task Force as the Legislator of the Year earlier this month.
"As a husband to a breast cancer survivor, I know that screenings can save lives and early detection can cut some of the high costs of invasive treatments at later stages of cancer," Smiddy said. "I'm honored to be recognized by the Task Force, and I'll continue to work to expand healthcare for Illinoisans and help allow everyone to get the preventative medicine they deserve."
House Bill 3673 passed the House Human Services committee on March 25.
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SPRINGFIELD, Ill. - To help serve patients in rural areas at a time of shortages of physicians and more patients seeking health care state Rep. Mike Smiddy, D-Hillsdale, advanced legislation Wednesday to bring a multi-state agreement to Illinois, helping doctors safely and transparently practice medicine in multiple states.
"Many areas of Illinois have little access to healthcare, and this bill will help those areas attract doctors from cooperating states to help those patients receive the high-quality care they deserve," Smiddy said. "Illinois joining the Interstate Medical Licensure Compact will give families and seniors in our towns access to more methods of care in a safe and transparent way."
Smiddy introduced House Bill 3680 to add Illinois to the Interstate Medical Licensure Compact, allowing doctors to practice medicine here and in multiple states. The agreement will help expand access to healthcare, especially in rural areas which are often underserved. The compact will also help state share information regarding doctor performance and any ethical concerns to help protect patients.

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