Several studies have investigated the effects of cinnamon on blood sugar, but the results are mixed.

There are medications available to help manage type 2 diabetes and lower blood sugar levels. A diabetes-friendly diet and regular exercise can also help to keep type 2 diabetes under control. But some researchers suspect that there could be a more natural source of blood sugar control to help manage diabetes: cinnamon.

Some studies have investigated the effect of cinnamon on blood sugar levels, but there aren't enough of them or enough carefully compiled results ? or consistency in those results ? to draw hard and fast conclusions yet. "There's not very much research on it," explains Philip A. Kern, MD, an endocrinologist and director of the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine in Lexington. But there is potential.

The studies that have tried to measure the effects of cinnamon on blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes have been small and not well controlled. In general, a reliable study is one that is large (at least 500 to 1000 patients), has patients randomly assigned to different groups, and is double blind ? meaning neither the researchers nor the subjects know who is getting the treatment. That type of detailed and careful research just hasn't been done on the subject of cinnamon's role in diabetes, says Dr. Kern, adding that the results of the small studies that have been conducted "are all over the place."

"Some say that the cinnamon does lower blood sugar or improves some other measure ? some studies report a benefit, and some studies don't report a benefit," says Kern. His initial reaction was dubious, he admits, but after studying what little research is available, the effects of cinnamon are "probably something deserving of a larger study."

For instance, one study suggests that cinnamon may be effective in lowering blood sugar levels because it has a similar effect on the body as insulin, the hormone that people with type 2 diabetes produce in insufficient amounts. 

Cinnamon: A Dash or a Dollop?

The amount of cinnamon needed to produce a positive effect is unclear. In some of the clinical trials, diabetic patients were given about 1 gram of cinnamon in a capsule ? that amount of pure cinnamon is about the size of the tip of your pinkie finger.

Swallowing that much cinnamon powder would be downright painful (and probably not taste very good), so Kern says you shouldn't try to ingest cinnamon on your own in an effort to lower blood sugar. You also shouldn't chow down on a big cinnamon bun or sip a cinnamon latte, thinking you're getting a health benefit ? even if additional research concludes that cinnamon is of benefit in lowering blood sugar and managing diabetes, Kern says you're still not getting a free pass for the sugar and calories.

So what's the take-away message? Kern believes it's not so much that people with diabetes should eat more cinnamon, but that "maybe [it] has a property that might be beneficial." He adds, "If you could figure out exactly what it is about cinnamon, you could design a drug that would target that beneficial property."

So, Kern says, if anything does come of cinnamon as a blood sugar-lowering agent, the recommendations for patients with diabetes will be in the form of a new medication that has captured the properties of cinnamon, not necessarily dietary changes.

For more diabetes news, follow @diabetesfacts on Twitter from the editors of @EverydayHealth.

Many people avoid eggs because they're afraid of driving up their cholesterol levels ? but the fear is unwarranted, say Cleveland Clinic cardiac specialists. This is just one of the heart health myths they debunk in a new book.

MONDAY, Feb. 13, 2012 ? If you've banned eggs from breakfast under the pretense that they'll hike up your cholesterol levels, here's good reason to bring them back and get your sunny side on.

Only 20 percent of the body's cholesterol comes from diet, according to Cleveland Clinic heart specialists Steven Nissen, MD, and Marc Gillinov, MD, who teamed up to write HEART 411: The Only Guide to Heart Health You'll Ever Need.

Are you doing everything you can to manage your heart condition? Find out with our interactive checkup.

The remaining 80 percent of your cholesterol is made by your liver. Furthermore, saturated fat and trans fat in your diet play a bigger role in cholesterol levels than dietary cholesterol, which means you can't blame your lousy lipid levels on diet ? or fix them by eliminating foods rich in cholesterol (like eggs) from your diet alone.

Eggs can be a part of your heart-healthy meal plan, in moderation. Doctors Nissen and Gillinov recommend eating no more than one to three eggs per week if you're trying to lower your LDL "bad" cholesterol levels.

And while we're at the breakfast table, let's squash the debate over what you should sip: Neither coffee nor tea is bad for the heart, according to the authors. Read on for some more myths they debunk in the book.

Myth: Fish Oil Capsules can Lower Cholesterol

Nissen and Gillinov say: "If anything, fish oil supplements increase both total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, the bad cholesterol. Although they lower triglycerides, we have not established evidence for a reduction in heart risk due to lowering of triglycerides."

Everyday Health says: Eating the real thing is the best way to reap the benefits of fish for heart health. Salmon, tuna, trout, and Atlantic or Pacific mackerel are especially great sources of heart-healthy omega-3s.

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As you and your family review options for Medicare Part D prior to the Dec. 7, 2014 enrollment deadline, please consider coverage of any drugs related to Alzheimer's disease or other dementias.

Of particular note is a change to the availability of the Alzheimer's drug Namenda. The company that produces Namenda will cease production of one version of Namenda (Namenda IR tablets, usually taken twice per day) in January 2015.

While supplies of Namenda IR may be available at local pharmacies for a period of time after the company stops distribution in January, it is anticipated that individuals on this prescription will have to switch to another version of Namenda (XR = extended release once per day capsules). In addition, it is our understanding that a generic version of Namenda IR may be available as early as mid-2015; however, an official date has not been shared.

As with any prescription change, please have a conversation with your physician regarding options and next steps for you or your family members.

For more information regarding Medicare Part D, please visit our website.

Washington, D.C. - Congressman Dave Loebsack recently continued his fight against misguided cuts to Critical Access Hospitals (CAH) that provide care to many Iowans living in rural areas. Loebsack helped lead a bipartisan effort with 45 Members of Congress in calling on the President to refrain from including arbitrary cuts to CAH in his upcoming budget proposal.

"(Critical Access Hospitals) play an important role in communities by providing access to primary, emergency, and acute care services," the lawmakers wrote. "As you consider the FY 2016 budget, we believe that indiscriminate cuts to CAHs, similar to those included in previous budgets, are not the answer."

A copy of the letter can be seen here.

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World AIDS Day is held on December 1 each year and is an opportunity for people worldwide to unite in the fight against HIV, show their support for people living with HIV and to commemorate people who have died of AIDS. World AIDS Day was the first ever global health day. The first one was held in 1988.
Today, many scientific advances have been made in HIV treatment and laws have been passed that protect people living with HIV from discrimination and criminalization. However, HIV is one of the most destructive pandemics in history.
On World AIDS Day, Scott County Health Department encourages everyone to:
• Learn the facts about HIV.
• Use your knowledge about HIV and AIDS in order take care of your own health and the health of others.
• Know your HIV status; it is an important first step in the battle against HIV.
In recognition of Worlds AIDS Day, Scott County Health Department will be providing expanded clinic hours for HIV testing on December 1, from 8:30am to 3:30pm. Testing will be provided on a walk in basis. Please visit our web site for additional information and testing criteria. www.scottcountyiowa.com/health.
National Organization Comforting Families of Fallen Troops Offers Tips for Navigating the Holiday Season

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE -- November 24, 2014

WASHINGTON - Holiday cheer and merrymaking may be everywhere this time of year, but for thousands grieving the loss of a loved one, the holiday season can be an emotional minefield. And there's no road map for easy navigation.

Coping with grief over the death of a loved one during the holidays can be difficult. Memories of holiday traditions shared with a loved one who died may be painful. Somehow, mourners must navigate an emotional roller coaster ride during the holidays that can be bittersweet with nostalgia and happy memories, and also feel painfully cruel and isolating.

The Tragedy Assistance Program for Survivors (TAPS), a national nonprofit organization offering comfort and care to families of our fallen military troops, offers the following tips to help anyone who is grieving the death of a loved one during the holiday season.

Take charge of your holiday season. Anticipating the holiday, especially if it's the first one without a cherished family member, can be worse than the actual holiday. Take charge of your holiday plans, and map out how you will spend your time. This can help relieve anxiety.

Make plans. Plan to spend the holidays where you feel nurtured, emotionally safe, and comfortable. Having a plan will help you navigate the holiday season and its activities. But remember to plan for flexibility, as you may not know how your emotions will respond, especially if it is your first or second holiday season after the death of a loved one.

Find sustenance for the soul. Your church, synagogue, mosque or other faith community may offer services, resources, and support networks for the bereaved. You may want to look for a support group for people who are grieving and have suffered a similar loss. Families who have lost a loved one serving in the military may find comfort by connecting with other survivors through the TAPS online community, peer support groups, peer mentoring or care groups.

Don't be afraid to change your holiday traditions. Some traditions may be a comfort, while others can cause pain. Consider which traditions to keep, and which ones to forego this year. Do not feel like you have to do something because you have always done it that way.

Include your lost loved one in gift-giving. Give a gift on behalf of your loved one to someone else. Consider making a donation to a charity in memory of your loved one.

Create a tribute. Light a candle, display a favorite photograph, or set a place at the dinner table to represent the missing loved one. Consider writing a letter to your loved one about the holidays and your special memories with that person.

Be gentle with yourself. Realize that familiar traditions, sights, smells and even tastes, may be comforting, or may jolt your emotions. This is the time of year when you need to be careful with your emotions and listen to yourself.

Attend holiday functions if you can. Consider attending holiday parties and events, especially if you'll be able to spend time with supportive family members and friends. Make an escape plan in case the event is more than you can handle. If you think a holiday gathering might be more than you can bear, it is ok to stay home.

Don't pretend you haven't experienced a loss. Imagining that nothing has happened does not make the pain of losing a loved one go away, nor does it make the holidays easier to endure. Even though holiday memories may be painful, they can be comforting. It is ok to talk with others about what you have lost and what the holidays mean to you.

Pay attention to your health. It's often difficult for people who have experienced a recent loss to sleep. Make sure you get regular rest and drink lots of water. Do not over-indulge in sweets or alcohol. If you feel overwhelmed, talk with your medical care provider.

Take stock of both joy and sadness. Give yourself permission to feel joy as well as sadness. Don't feel like you have to "be a certain way" because of your loss, or because it is the holidays. Just be yourself.

Express your feelings. Bottling up your feelings may add to distress, not lessen it. To express your feelings, use your creativity to write a poem, talk with a supportive friend, create a painting, or pen a journal entry.

Share your holiday season with someone else. There are many lonely people who might like to experience the holiday season alongside someone else. Consider volunteering with a local charity or soup kitchen, inviting a neighbor for a special holiday meal or including others in your holiday activities.

For more tips on dealing with grief during the holidays, go to the TAPS website at www.taps.org and look for our holiday survival guide. TAPS will hold a special online chat for grieving military families on November 19 at 9pm Eastern Time with bereavement expert Darcie Sims to discuss handling the holidays. Sign up online through the TAPS online community at www.taps.org.

About TAPS
The Tragedy Assistance Program for Survivors (TAPS) is the national organization providing compassionate care for the families of America's fallen military heroes and has offered support to more than 50,000 surviving family members of our fallen military and their caregivers since 1994. TAPS provides peer-based emotional support, grief and trauma resources, grief seminars and retreats for adults, Good Grief Camps for children, case work assistance, connections to community-based care, online and in-person support groups and a 24/7 resource and information helpline for all who have been affected by a death in the Armed Forces. Services are provided free of charge. For more information go to www.taps.org or call the toll-free TAPS resource and information helpline at 1.800.959.TAPS (8277).

If your glucose levels get out of control, it can lead to serious diabetes problems. Knowing the signs of these diabetes conditions can help you take quick action to resolve them.

Diabetes complications can occur if you don't regulate your blood sugar (glucose) levels properly. Blood sugar is produced in your liver and muscles, and most of the food you eat is converted into blood sugar. This is your body's source of energy, but when your blood sugar gets too high, diabetes is the result.

Your pancreas produces the hormone insulin, which then carries blood sugar into your cells, where it's stored and used for energy. When you develop insulin resistance, high levels of sugar build up in your blood instead of your cells and you start to experience signs and symptoms of diabetes. You may notice fatigue, hunger, increased thirst, blurred vision, infections that are slow to heal, pain and numbness in your feet or hands, and increased urination. For awhile, your pancreas will work to keep up with your body's sugar demand by producing more insulin, but eventually it loses the ability to compensate and serious diabetes complications ? including blindness, kidney failure, loss of circulation in your lower extremities, and heart disease ? can develop.

For most people with diabetes, the target blood sugar level is 70 to 130 mg/dL, but your doctor will work with you to pinpoint your individual target range. Your doctor can also help you learn what to eat and how to keep your blood sugar within a healthy range.

Joel Zonszein, MD, director of clinical diabetes at Montefiore Medical Center in New York City, says it's very important to work with and see your doctor regularly and to consult a diabetes educator. If your diabetes is well-controlled and you're monitoring your blood sugar level at least once or twice a day, seeing your doctor four times a year should be sufficient to maintain good diabetes control.

Four Signs of Diabetes Complications

One of the main reasons monitoring your blood sugar level is so important is that it can change quickly and unpredictably. The sooner you detect any changes, the sooner you can catch early signs of diabetes complications. Be aware of these four specific diabetes problems:

Hyperglycemia. The most common cause of diabetes complications is hyperglycemia, or when your blood sugar level rises above 180. This kind of spike indicates that either there isn't enough insulin in your body or that insulin isn't being properly used. You can experience high blood sugar from overeating, medication deficiency, or as a reaction to new medication. Signs of hyperglycemia include being very thirsty, experiencing extreme fatigue, having blurry vision, needing to urinate a lot, and feeling sick to your stomach. Although regular exercise may help stabilize your blood sugar level, it's important to contact your doctor because your meal plan, your medication, or both may need to be adjusted. If left untreated, hyperglycemia can become a life-threatening condition.

Hypoglycemia. A quick drop in your blood sugar level is called hypoglycemia. Blood sugar levels below 70 are dangerously low and can be caused by missing or delaying a meal, exercising too much, or taking too much medication. Hypoglycemia may cause feelings of weakness, confusion, irritability, shakiness, hunger, and fatigue. You can prevent passing out or having a seizure from hypoglycemia by eating regular meals, taking your diabetes medication, and checking your blood sugar level often. When your blood sugar begin to drop, you should drink fruit juice or regular soda, take glucose tablets, eat a spoonful of sugar or honey, or eat five or six pieces of hard candy to stabilize your blood sugar. If you experience hypoglycemia, contact your doctor as soon as possible. Until your blood sugar level has stabilized, repeat the sugary drink or food every 15 minutes. Always carry food with you for this reason.

Diabetic ketoacidosis. When there isn't enough insulin or sugar for fuel, your body starts breaking down fats for energy instead. As a result, your body produces ketones, which are waste products found in the blood. Because your body can't tolerate high levels of ketones, your system will try to eliminate them through your urine. If ketones build up in the blood, a life-threatening condition called diabetic ketoacidosis can poison your body and lead to a coma or death. Early symptoms include thirst, dry mouth, shortness of breath, fruity smelling breath, frequent urination, fatigue, dry skin, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, confusion, high blood sugar, and high levels of ketones in your urine. You can check your ketone levels with a simple drugstore urine test. Diabetic ketoacidosis, which is relatively rare with type 2 diabetes, can be prevented by regularly checking for ketones, particularly when you're sick. Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis develop slowly, increase quickly, and can create an urgent medical situation. If you suspect you have diabetic ketoacidosis, call your doctor immediately and go directly to the emergency room.

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketonic syndrome (HHNS). HHNS occurs you're your blood sugar level is extremely high ? greater than 600 mg/dL. It's most common in older people with type 2 diabetes and develops over days or weeks, especially after an illness or infection. The high level of sugar in your blood makes it thick and syrupy, and your body will work to rid itself of excess sugar by passing it through your urine. If you don't drink enough liquid, you run the risk of dehydration, and HHNS can also lead to a seizure, a coma, or death. Warning signs of HHNS include a dry mouth, extreme thirst, a fever greater than 101° F, drowsiness, confusion, vision loss, hallucinations, weakness on one side of your body, and dark urine. The best way to prevent HHNS is to check your blood sugar level regularly, and more often when you're sick. If warning signs begin to appear, drink liquids at least every hour and call your doctor or 911.

Follow your doctor's recommendations about how often to check your blood sugar level. In general, Melissa Li-Ng, MD, an endocrinologist at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio, advises people who take diabetes medication to check their blood sugar once a day, and if you're on insulin, check it three times a day before each meal. Monitoring your blood sugar closely can help you prevent serious diabetes complications from developing.

Powered lower limb prosthetics hold promise for improving the mobility of amputees, but errors in the technology may also cause some users to stumble or fall. New research examines exactly what happens when these technologies fail, with the goal of developing a new generation of more robust powered prostheses.

"My work has focused on developing technology that translates electrical signals in human muscle into signals that control powered prosthetic limbs - such as decoding muscle signals to tell a prosthetic leg that it needs to walk forward or step up onto a staircase," says Dr. Helen Huang, senior author of a paper on the work and an associate professor in the joint biomedical engineering program at North Carolina State University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

"But sometimes this 'decoding' technology makes mistakes, such as thinking someone wants to climb a step when he doesn't," says Fan Zhang, lead author of the paper and a Ph.D. student in the joint biomedical engineering program. "This is a problem, because we don't want to put users at risk of stumbling or falling."

Huang's team set out to understand exactly what happens to users of powered prosthetic legs when there's an error in the decoding technology.

"We not only want to improve the decoding accuracy, but determine which errors are important and which have little or no impact on users," Huang says. "Understanding the problem is an important step in finding ways to make these prostheses more reliable."

To address the issue, the researchers had study subjects use a customized prosthetic device that was programmed to make errors. This was done in a lab setting that allowed Huang's team to monitor each user's balance and biomechanics. Users were also asked how stable they felt during each trial.

The researchers found that some errors were so insignificant that users didn't even notice them - particularly errors that were short in duration or that occurred when a user's weight was not being applied to the prosthetic leg.

But errors that lasted longer, or that occurred when a user's weight was on the prosthetic limb, were more noticeable. The researchers also determined that critical, or especially noticeable, errors were also characterized by a large "mechanical work change," meaning the prosthetic limb thought it had to do significantly more or less work than the user intended.

"One of the things we'll be doing as we move forward with this work is seek ways to limit that mechanical work change," Huang says.

"Any system that involves a human interface will have occasional errors," Huang notes. "But we think we can find ways to make those errors effectively insignificant."

The paper, "Effects of Locomotion Mode Recognition Errors on Volitional Control of Powered Above-Knee Prostheses," is published in early view online in the journal IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. The paper was co-authored by Ming Liu, a laboratory manager in the joint biomedical engineering program. The work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grants number 1406750 and 1361549, by the Department of Defense under grant number W81XWH-09-2-0020, and by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research under grant number H133G130308.

WASHINGTON, D.C. – Senator Tom Harkin (D-IA) today announced that the University of Iowa and Iowa Central Community College have been awarded a total of $790,350 to apply communication technologies for rural healthcare delivery. The funding comes from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Distance Learning and Telemedicine (DLT) Grant Program.  Harkin is a senior member of the Senate agriculture committee as well as the panel that funds rural development initiatives.

"Residents of all communities - both rural and urban - deserve access to quality medical care.  By using new technology, we are able to provide people in rural areas with the specialty medical care that many urban residents take for granted," said Harkin.  "I congratulate the University of Iowa and Iowa Central Community College for receiving this competitive funding."

The DLT Grant Program works to provide access to education, training and health care resources in rural areas.  Funding is provided to increase educational opportunities and expand health care.

Details of the funding are as follows:

  • Iowa Central Community College: $291,377 to provide career & technical education, special education support services, media & technology services, a variety of instructional services and professional  and leadership development courses to 600 students, 266 teachers and 150 community members via an interactive distance learning videoconferencing system. Iowa counties that will benefit include : Buena Vista, Calhoun, Greene, Hamilton, Humboldt, Pocahontas, Sac, Webster, and Wright.
  • University of Iowa: $498,973 to provide telemedicine videoconferencing services for Family Medicine at 40 rural sites, for Child Health Specialty Clinics at 9 rural sites and for Geriatric Outreach at 15 rural sites. Iowa counties that will benefit include : Allamakee, Appanoose, Benton, Bremer, Buchanan, Buena Vista, Cass, Carroll, Cerro Gordo, Cherokee, Clay, Clayton, Decatur, Delaware, Des Moines, Dickinson, Emmett, Fayette, Fremont, Hardin, Henry, Iowa, Jackson, Jefferson, Johnson, Keokuk, Kossuth, Linn, Louisa, Mahaska, Marion, Montgomery, Page, Plymouth, Polk, Poweshiek, Scott, Shelby, Union, Van Buren, Washington, Wayne, Winneshiek, and Wright.
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