If you're using social media for marketing, what should you say following a tragedy like the deadly blasts at the Boston Marathon on April 15?

The horrific elementary school shootings in Newtown, Conn.?

The October storm that took lives and devastated communities across the Northeast?

Sometimes, nothing at all.

The age of digital marketing brings with it new challenges, including how to respond during a national tragedy. Remember, as recently as Sept. 11, 2001, we had no MySpace, much less Facebook, Twitter or YouTube. Except for email, no vehicle for delivering instantaneous marketing messages existed. After 9/11, one of the most painful days in American memory, most of us had time to pause, reflect and put on hold print, radio and TV marketing campaigns that might be viewed as inappropriate or offensive.

In recent months, there has been lively debate on this topic in the marketing community, including how and when to tie - or not to tie -- a marketing message into the news of the day, a  widely used strategy.

Gaffes can occur with the most innocent of intentions in any media content, marketing or not. Earlier in April, a new episode of the musical comedy "Glee" upset and angered parents in Newtown, Conn., because the plot featured a student bringing a gun to school, where it accidentally discharges.

"A lot of people were upset about it and that I feel horrible about," Jane Lynch, one of the stars, told Access Hollywood Live days later. "If we added to anybody's pain, that's just certainly not what any of us wanted. ... We're always rather topical and rather current."

Usually, however, simply applying your own sense of decency and good taste can help you avoid a blunder. Consider American Apparel's notorious "Hurricane Sandy Sale - in case you're bored during the storm," advertised as tens of thousands of people endured freezing temperatures without power. Most of us wouldn't have even considered such a ploy!

Here are a couple more suggestions for do's and don'ts:

• If you use automated posts scheduled through a site such as HootSuite, turn them off immediately. If people don't find them insensitive and uncaring or silly, they'll likely conclude your messages come from a robot - not a real person - which is just as bad.

• Can you be helpful? Hours after the blasts in Boston, with cell phone service out in the city and family and friends desperately trying to connect with loved ones, Google.org launched "Person Finder: Boston Marathon Explosions." There, individuals and organizations could share information about the status of marathon participants and spectators for those trying to find them.

If your community has suffered a tragic event, perhaps you have helpful information to share. Here in Florida, which is affected by hurricanes, people use social media to help evacuees and their pets find shelter, and to alert others to danger, such as downed power lines. Depending on your area of expertise, you may be able to provide more general information or commentary. For instance, an educator can share tips for answering children's questions about the event. Philanthropists might comment on those selflessly step up to help.

• Of course, social media is also about reactions and, for many, that's a sincere expression of sympathy for and unity with those affected.

If you want to post something and you're unsure about what to say, take a look at what businesses and other brands are sharing, and how online users are reacting. You may decide to just say nothing for a day or two, or whatever time seems reasonable given the nature of the event.

Sometimes, saying nothing at all speaks volumes.

About Marsha Friedman

every Thursday at 3:00 PM EST. Follow her on Twitter: @marshafriedman.

The hottest book publishing trend today: less is the new more.

"The first time I saw a 73-page 'book' offered on Amazon, I was outraged," says New York Times best selling author Michael Levin.  "But I thought about how shredded the American attention span is.  And I felt like Cortez staring at the Pacific."

The trend in books today, Harry Potter notwithstanding, is toward books so short that in the past no self-respecting publisher?or author?would even have called them books.  But today, shortened attention spans call for shorter books.

Levin blames smartphones and social media for what he calls "a worldwide adult epidemic of ADH...ooh, shiny!"

"Brain scientists tell us our brain chemistry has been transformed by short-burst communication such as texting, Tweeting, and Facebook posts," Levin adds.  "Long magazine articles have given way to 600-word blog posts.  And doorstop-size books have been replaced by minibooks."

This sudden change in attention spans changed the way Levin approaches ghostwriting.  "Even five years ago, we aimed for 250-page books.  Today we advise our business clients to do 50-page minibooks to meet impatient readers' expectations for speedy delivery of information."

Levin, who runs the ghostwriting firm BusinessGhost.com and was featured on ABC's Shark Tank, says that people are looking for leadership disguised as a book.  "Today," he asserts, "people don't want you to prove your assertions.  They just want to know that you have legitimate answers to their questions and that they can trust you.  If you can't get buy-in with 50 pages today, you won't get it in 250."

The trend toward shorter books caused Levin to offer what he calls the "Book-Of-The-Quarter Club," which creates four 50-page hardcover minibooks a year for BusinessGhost's clients.  "This allows them to address four different major issues, or four different sets of prospects, and provides quarterly opportunities for marketing events," Levin says.

How short will books eventually run?

"Can you say 'haiku'?" Levin asks.  "We're waiting for a three-line, 17 syllable book.  It could happen."

About Michael Levin

Michael Levin, founder and CEO of BusinessGhost, Inc., has written more than 100 books, including eight national best-sellers; five that have been optioned for film or TV by Steven Soderbergh/Paramount, HBO, Disney, ABC, and others; and one that became "Model Behavior," an ABC Sunday night Disney movie of the week. His new minibook, "The Financial Advisor's Dilemma," teaches how to create trust and distinctiveness in the highly competitive marketplace.

5 Tips to Lead Change in Challenging Times

Putting the right people at the helm has launched many high-profile, highly successful turnarounds, from Jack Welch in his early days at GE to Meg Whitman at eBay.

But companies don't have to fire the entire C-suite to put "new" leadership in place, says Barbara Trautlein, author of "Change Intelligence: Use the Power of CQ to Lead Change that Sticks" (www.changecatalysts.com).

"Leadership is the key to successful major organizational change, which has had a failure rate of 70 percent decades," she says.  "It IS possible to lead successful and sustainable change - IF it's led effectively.  The problem has been that, so often, it's not."

Workforces in every industry -- from manufacturing to service to health care to high tech -- are confused and bruised, she says.  Employees in this economy thirst for guidance but are distrustful and disenfranchised -- not engaged, empowered, or equipped to do what is needed to help their organizations transform to survive and thrive.

The solution? Those who lead change must first change themselves.

Trautlein shares five simple but effective ways to accomplish that:

• Change Your Story - Reframe resistance. Resistance in organizations is like the immune system in the body; it protects against harmful invaders from the outside. Just like pain in the body is a symptom something is wrong, so resistance is a sign to which managers should pay attention. The goal is not to eradicate it, but to allow it to surface, so it can be explored and honored.  To lead more effectively, learn to see resistance as your ally, not your enemy.

• Change Your Stance - Picture a triangle. So often, we view ourselves on one angle, others at another angle, and "the problem" on the third angle. In our minds, it feels like it's us against the other people as well as the problem. That's exhausting. Instead, re-envision yourself and the other people working together to solve the problem. Move from being and feeling and acting against others, or doing something to others, or even in spite of others, to working with and even for them.  If you can make this simple mindset shift, how you relate to others will almost immediately become palpably partnership-oriented to them.

• Change Your Seat - What you see depends on where you sit.  Change looks very different at different levels of the organizational hierarchy. Those at the top are typically isolated. Those at the bottom are most resistant. Those in the middle are squeezed. Sit in others' seats and appreciate their pressures. Adapt your approach and messages to the very different needs and concerns of these very different audiences.

• Change Your Style - We all know the Golden Rule:  Do unto others as you would want them to do unto you. To lead change effectively, follow the Platinum Rule:  Do unto others as THEY want to be done unto. Tell stories they can relate to. Share statistics relevant to them. Demonstrate what's in it for all of us to work together in new ways.

• Change Your Strategy - So often, what looks like resistance is really that people don't get it, don't want it, or they are unable to do it.  Engage the brain by explaining the "why" and "what" of the change -- help the "head" understand your vision, mission, and goals. Paint a clear picture of the target and the end game. Inspire the "heart" to care about the change objectives by engaging with others, actively listening, dealing with fears and insecurities, and building trust.  Help the "hands" apply the change -- provide tactics, training and tools, and eliminate barriers standing in people's way.

The good news: None of these prescriptions require leaders to change who they are.

"They are all about shifts in mindsets and behaviors.  It's about the flexibility to adapt our leadership approach to get us all where we need to go," Trautlein says. It's amazing how when we change, others change.

"It's been said before -- because it's true: Be the change you wish to see in the world. That's leadership."

About Barbara Trautlein, PhD.

Barbara Trautlein is a change leadership consultant, author, international speaker and researcher with more than 25 years of experience partnering with organizations to lead change that sticks. She helps all levels of leaders in achieving their personal and professional goals, from Fortune 50 companies to small- and mid-sized businesses, in industries ranging from steel mills to sales teams, refineries to retail, and healthcare to high tech. Trautlein earned her PhD in organizational psychology from the University of Michigan.

Psychiatrist Shares 4 Ways Sports-Obsessed
Families Can Affect Young Athletes

They're called student-athletes, but many youth advocates - including psychiatrist Gary Malone, are concerned that the emphasis is on "athlete."

"Anyone who follows sports knows that college-level and professional recruiters are looking at recruits - children - at increasingly younger ages, and it's not because they want to ensure these athletic students get a well-rounded education," says Malone,  a distinguished fellow in the American Psychiatric Association, and coauthor with his sister Susan Mary Malone of "What's Wrong with My Family?" (www.whatswrongwithmyfamily.com).

"In my home state, Texas, a new high school football stadium is opening that cost $60 million dollars and seats 18,000. That's all funded at public expense. We constantly read of districts across the country cutting academic and arts programs and teachers' salaries due to budget shortfalls. How can this make sense?"

As a high-performing student-athlete throughout his own high school and college years, Malone says he appreciates the benefits of extracurricular programs.

"But the NCAA.'s own 2011 survey found that, by a wide margin, men's basketball and football players are much more concerned about their performance on the field than in the classroom," he says.

Malone reviews how the imbalance favoring athletic pursuits can damage student-athletes and the family unit:

• Life beyond sports: Only 3 percent of high school athletes will go on to compete in college; less than 1 percent of college athletes turn pro, where the average career is three years with risk of permanent injury, including brain damage, for football players. Even if they're among the successful elite, wealth management is likely to be a major problem; some studies show that up to 78 percent of NFL players go broke after three years of retirement. Is this the best future for a child?

• Misplaced parental priorities: A parent's obsession with a child's success in sports can be extremely damaging to a child, to the extent of bordering on abuse. Parents who look to their children to provide them with the validation, status or other unfulfilled needs don't have their child's best interests at heart. Parents who tend to be domineering can be especially dangerous in the face of an athletic success obsession.

• Siblings left behind: When the family values one child's athletic prowess over the talents and gifts displayed by his or her siblings, the latter children risk growing up without a sense of personal identity, which leads to co-dependency problems in adulthood.

• Pressured to play: Especially in the South, but throughout the entire United States, football is huge. Basketball dominates inner cities and regions like Indiana; wrestling is big in the Midwest and parts of the Northeast, and hockey might be the focus for children throughout Northeast and upper Midwest. Children, especially boys, may feel obliged or pressured to play a particular sport even if they have no talent or interest in it to the detriment of other talents that might have been developed.

"Athletics can be extremely beneficial to a young person's life, but I think we have our priorities backwards," Malone says. "Imagine how much better off our country might be if, instead of football, we were obsessed with our children's performance in science and math."

About Dr. Gary Malone, M.D. & Susan Mary Malone

Dr. Gary Malone is an Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Texas Southwestern and a teaching analyst at the Dallas Psychoanalytic Institute. He is a distinguished fellow in the American Psychiatric Association with board certifications in general and addiction psychiatry. He has worked in hospitals and private practices for more than 30 years. Dr. Malone is director of Adult Chemical Dependency Services at Millwood Hospital in Arlington, Texas.

Award-winning writer and editor Susan Mary Malone is the author of the novel, "By the Book," and three nonfiction books, including "Five Keys for Understanding Men: A Women's Guide." More than 40 of the book projects she has edited were purchased by traditional publishing houses. She is Dr. Malone's sister

U.S. businesses spend billions of dollars generating sales leads only to lose more than 70 percent of them simply because they don't make contact quickly enough, according to one study.

But that's not the only way they're losing out on opportunities, says Brandon Stuerke, president of Advisors Edge Marketing (www.advisorsedgemarketing.com), a specialist in marketing strategy and automation for financial advisors and other professionals.

"A study of more than 600 companies by Dr. James Oldroyd of MIT found that the odds of a lead entering the sales process were 21 times greater if the business made contact within 5 minutes of generating the lead versus contact in 30 minutes," Stuerke says. "Another study, this one by the Harvard Business Review, found that the average response time by businesses to a generated lead is 42 hours - and that's just for responses that occurred within 30 days."

Generating sales leads is big business, with more than $23 billion spent on internet leads alone, he notes.

"If you're a financial advisor or another professional, you may also be spending money on direct mail, invitations to seminars, TV commercials and/or print ads," Stuerke says. "How many leads are you generating, and at what cost per lead, only to lose them?"

Stuerke, who began developing innovative marketing strategies while working as a financial advisor, says he has found four ways professionals commonly lose sales leads.

"And they can all be fixed!" he says.

• Advertising calls to action that are all-or-nothing. Most sales people offer only a face-to-face meeting or a telephone appointment as their call to action in their advertising. But that's asking a lot of prospects who are simply exploring options and aren't yet ready for that level of commitment. Those are leads that, three to six months from now, may become sales - but they're lost early in the process. Instead, offer a less committed option such as "download this free report" in exchange for their information for follow up.

• No lead capture on your website. This is a huge problem! Many sites have no strategy for capturing information about visitors to the site, such as an email address. As a result, businesses spend thousands of dollars driving traffic to their website, but capturing none of the prospects' information. As a result, those prospects come to the site and leave and the business never knows they were there. A free report, or series of reports or videos with useful information based on your expertise are good lead capture tools. Buyers today turn to the web for information while doing research, so that's what you should give them. Offering free resources in exchange for a small bit of information is a great way to do that.

• Indifference in interactions. No matter what your profession, it's likely you've got a lot of competition. For consumers, shopping includes researching, and they're comparing services, expertise and experience before deciding who best deserves their patronage. If your interactions with prospects fail to "wow" them, they will quickly move on. But most professionals don't have a storyboarded plan for giving prospects that experience, which is what is needed for consistent results. An automated system that delivers carefully planned interactions is a great way to achieve this.

• Using social media without a plan. Many professionals have discovered that delivering consumer-friendly, useful content through social media is an effective means of attracting followers and cultivating prospects. However, one of the biggest problems with how businesses use social media is that they post a lot of high level, one-way communication with no call to action.  Having a call to action in your posts leading prospects back to a website designed to capture leads is critical for producing tangible results through social media.

A lot of these issues stem from a common problem: businesses focusing only on the hottest leads - the people who are ready to buy today, Stuerke says.

"Instead of allowing those 'cooler' leads to fall by the wayside, businesses should capture and cultivate them," he says. "Eventually, they'll find that instead of constantly chasing leads, they're harvesting new clients."

About Brandon Stuerke

Brandon Stuerke is a business coach and cutting-edge marketing strategist, specializing in innovative new tools that save professionals time while building their practices. He is the founder and president of Advisors Edge Marketing, Inc., which produces Automated Advisor, a new program that strategically streamlines prospect cultivation. He's also the creator and president of the Strategic Alliance Program, Winning With CPAs, which teaches financial advisors how to build their practices by partnering with CPAs.

'You Don't Have to be a Math Whiz to Learn,'
Says Trainer/Programmer

There are plenty or good jobs to be found on sites like Monster and Craigslist, says Mark Lassoff, a self-described computer geek and founder of LearnToProgram, Inc. (www.LearnToProgram.tv). The problem is, the glut of unemployed, college-educated professionals available to fill them aren't qualified, he says.

"American companies will post positions for jobs like developing mobile apps and video games - good, high-paying jobs with benefits - but there just aren't enough qualified computer programmers out there so, after a few weeks, they send these jobs overseas," says Lassoff, who has trained employees at the Department of Defense, Lockheed Martin and Discover Card Services.

Computer programming jobs are expected to grow by 12 percent by 2020, while software developer jobs are forecast to grow by 30 percent, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In 2010, the median salary for software developers were earning more than $90,500.

There aren't enough people to fill these jobs because technology and the job market are moving much faster than education in high schools and colleges, says Lassoff, who develops online courses, books and other materials for people who want to learn programming.

"People think you have to go back to school to learn programming and other computer skills, but you don't," he says. "There's also the myth that you have to be some kind of math or science genius to learn it. Not true. You just need to learn the process, and then practice it. You can build a portfolio by doing volunteer work for a church or charity."

What types of people are ripe for skills like web development through an online course - and landing a great new job?

• Career-hoppers with an IT background: Current and former Information Technology workers are fast learners when it comes to new computer skills. If their current job is in customer service or corporate support, getting the tools to unleash their creativity may be the ticket not only to better pay but to a more gratifying career.

• Retirees: The cliché is that older folks are so far behind on tech knowledge, they struggle with email. However, many retirees are highly motivated, curious and have plenty of time for the business of learning. They may even have worked with early computers in their careers. "I know seniors who learned programming later in life and they like staying stimulated and challenged, and having an in-demand skill," Lassoff says.

• The kid who plans to study computer science: Junior high and high school curricula are still woefully behind when it comes to preparing kids for careers in computer technology. Ambitious kids who want to take their relationship with technology to the next level are thoroughly engaged by web, mobile and gaming code classes - and they do very well.

• The good-idea person: Very often, someone has a great idea for a mobile app, but no idea what to do with it. A basic understanding of mobile app coding can start turning that great idea into an entrepreneurial adventure.

Courses for these training programs do not have to be expensive - high quality yet affordable programs can be found for less than $200, he says.

About Mark Lassoff

Mark Lassoff is the founder and CEO of LearnToProgram.tv, Inc. Lassoff majored in communication and computer science in college, and later worked in the software and web development departments at several large corporations. While his contemporaries were conquering the dot-com world, Lassoff fell in love with training. He's a top technical trainer whose clients including the Department of Defense, Lockheed Martin, Discover Card Services and Kaiser Permaente. For people who want to dip a toe into programming, he offers free tutorials on his website.

5 Tips from Former Businessman of the Year

People are overwhelmed with the complexities of their own lives and are desperately seeking a way to maximize happiness in their home and work lives, says Gary Kunath, an entrepreneur, speaker and former CEO who works with some of the world's top corporations and business schools.

"I used to be caught up in the spin cycle of thinking that net worth automatically afforded me life worth," says Kunath, a speaker at top business schools and author of "Life ... Don't Miss It. I Almost Did: How I Learned To Live Life To The Fullest," (www.lifedontmissitbook.com).

"I sacrificed time with my family with the justification that I was providing necessary material things, but at a certain point you realize that money doesn't make you rich, it just allows you to buy more stuff."

Priorities for professionals have shifted; now, U.S. workers seek family wellbeing above all else, he says. Companies need to recognize that it's imperative to positively affect their employees' lives, both inside and outside working quarters, he says.

"We need to bring humanity back to business," Kunath says. "Leading corporations are aware that most professionals today - 70 percent - would trade a pay raise for an increase in personal wellness."

But employers are struggling with that, he says, citing a new American Psychological Association survey released in March in which 48 percent of employees say their employers don't value a good work-life balance.

More professionals are trying to find a path to life worth, rather than centering their behavior on net worth, Kunath says. He offers five ways career-minded individuals can achieve both:

• Look for signs you're falling into the net-worth trap: For Kunath, those signs were clear. One day, he says, "it was like someone had smacked me on the head," when his son, then 12, walked away in dismay after Kunath said he couldn't play baseball with him because he was too busy working on a business proposal. "The look of disappointment on my son's face was something I will never forget," he says. Kunath dropped everything and spent the day with his son. "I promised that would NEVER happen again". The next occurrence included a mental and physical breakdown after Kunath pushed himself to make an unnecessary business trip while sick.  After a 19-hour ordeal in a delayed flight to Spain, "...I knew in my bones that if I did not draw the line right there ... I would ruin every part of my life that mattered to me."

• Don't be an employee, be employable: Unless you are self-employed, you are always vulnerable to someone else controlling your professional destiny, and therefore, your life worth. But employees can empower themselves by diversifying their skills so that they can have more choices about where and for whom to work.

• Bad things happen to good people: Adversity finds us all. No one enjoys the worst, most painful moments of their lives. Nonetheless, life events like loss of a loved one, financial ruin, divorce, addictions or illness tend to define us. We need adversity in our lives. Anyone can be a rock star when life is perfect. But when adversity strikes, then the "real" you is revealed. How you face adversity can either extinguish you or distinguish you.

• Believe in something bigger than you: There will be times when you are utterly helpless, with no control over an outcome. All the money in the bank and all the authority at work will do no good when it comes to, for instance, the death of a loved one. Believing in something bigger than you is an important part of having life worth; it helps you maintain your emotional health when you face life's biggest challenges.

• Don't Major in the Minors: As Henry David Thoreau wrote, "The price of anything is the amount of life you exchange for it." For every evening spent late in the office there are moments professionals miss out on - and can never get back. Many of us spend time on things that ultimately don't matter. "The three greatest gifts you can give to your family are: Time, Memories and Tradition," he says. "These are things in life that matter."

About Gary Kunath

Gary Kunath is the founder of The Summit Group, which is ranked among the top sales-training companies in the world by Selling Power magazine. His value-creation approach received the "Innovative Practice of the Year Award" by 3M worldwide. He was named Businessman of the Year for the United States and was recognized a dinner hosted by the president of the United States. He has lectured extensively at several prominent business schools, and he is currently an adjunct professor at The Citadel's Sports Marketing graduate program. Kunath is as an owner of several professional minor league baseball teams along with his partners, Bill Murray, Jimmy Buffet and Mike Veeck. The group is famous for managing its teams around the "Fun is Good" approach.

Psychologist Offers 4 Tips for Maintaining Balance in Difficult Times

It's no wonder nearly one in 10 Americans suffers from depression.

"Top risk factors include being unable to work or unemployed; having no health insurance; suffering from obesity," notes psychologist Gregory L. Jantz, citing a Centers for Disease Control study.

"Unfortunately, those topics have dominated headlines for the past five years. What's worse, by 2020, the World Health Organization estimates depression will be second most debilitating disease worldwide."

The author of "Overcoming Anxiety, Worry and Fear," (www.aplaceofhope.com) says these negative emotions along with sustained, excessive stress can lead to depression, which now overshadows other  problems for which patients seek help at his clinic.

"Depression can be rooted in a number of problems, and those need to be addressed - simply taking a pill is not usually effective treatment. Anger, fear and guilt can all be underlying causes, even when the person isn't aware he's experiencing those feelings."

A holistic treatment approach, which may or may not include medication, helps people overcome a bout of the debilitating illness, and learn techniques to manage it themselves, he says.

People at risk of depression can work at maintaining their emotional equilibrium by counterbalancing negative feelings with optimism, hope, and joy. This is most effective if they do this holistically, addressing the four main categories of human need.

"By purposefully feeding the intellectual, relational, physical, and spiritual aspects of your life positive emotions, you can achieve balance," Jantz says.

He offers these suggestions:

• Intellectual: Be aware of what you're feeding to your mind. Try reading a positive, uplifting book, and setting aside time in your day to fill yourself up intellectually with constructive, encouraging messages. Be aware of what you are reading and listening to, and seek to counter the negative input we all get with positive influences.

• Relational: Think of a person you really enjoy talking to, someone who makes you feel good about yourself or someone who's just fun to be around. Plan today to spend time with that person this week, even if it's just for a moment or two. Make the effort to verbalize your appreciation for his or her positive presence in your day.

• Physical: Physical activity is a wonderful way of promoting emotional health. Engage in some mild exercise this week. Take a walk around the neighborhood. Stroll through a city park. The goals are to get your body moving and to allow you to focus on something other than yourself and your surroundings. Greet your neighbors, stop at the park and watch someone playing with his dog, or cheer at a Little League game. Intentionally open up your focus to include the broader world around you.

• Spiritual Support: Take some time to nourish your spirit. If you are a member of a religious organization, make sure to attend services this week. If you are not, listen to some religious or meditative music. Spend time in quiet reflection, meditation, or prayer. Intentionally engage in an activity that replenishes and reconnects your spirit.

If you are not depressed but feel anxious and stressed, have trouble sleeping or find your not content much of the time, Jantz says it's time to start taking care of yourself.

"Depression is painful and as debilitating as any other disease," he says. "Take steps to de-stress your life and to work on emotional balance before it gets worse."

About Gregory L. Jantz, Ph.D

Gregory L. Jantz has more than 25 years experience in mental health counseling and is the founder of The Center for Counseling and Health Resources, near Seattle, Wash. The Center, "a place for hope," provides comprehensive, coordinated care from a treatment team that addresses medical, physical, psychological, emotional, nutritional, fitness and spiritual factors involved in recovery. He is the best-selling author of more than 20 books, including "When Your Teenager Becomes...The Stranger in the House." If you're concerned you or a loved one may be depressed, visit www.aplaceofhope.com and click the "Are You?" tab for a self-evaluation.

4 'Bad Leader Behaviors' That Affect Productivity, Profits

What can business leaders and managers learn from watching the earnings of publicly traded companies?

"Plenty," says Kathleen Brush, a 25-year veteran of international business and author of "The Power of One: You're the Boss," (www.kathleenbrush.com), a guide to developing the skills necessary to become an effective, respected leader.

"When looking at the corporations reporting lower-than-expected earnings, you need to read between the lines. They are not going to admit that the reason is a failure of leadership, but 99 times out of 100 that's what it is."

She cites Oracle, the business hardware and software giant, which recently reported a quarterly revenue shortfall based on a decline in new software licenses and cloud subscriptions.

The company is "not at all pleased with our revenue growth this quarter," Oracle co-president Safra Catz told analysts. "What we really saw was a lack of urgency that we sometimes see in the sales force ..."

They are pointing the finger at the employees, but they are really admitting a failure of  leadership, Brush says.

"Do you know how simple it is for managers to motivate sales people? If indeed the lack of sales urgency is the problem. There are dozens of bad leader behaviors that can cause sales to decline," she explains.

In her work for companies around the country, from restructuring operations to improving profitability, Brush says she sees an epidemic of bad leader behaviors.

"When I point them out, most leaders downplay, or refuse to acknowledge, the impact their behaviors are having on their bottom line. But, in companies where leaders change these behaviors, employees become engaged and motivated. It is really that simple to increase productivity, innovation, and the bottom line," she says.

"If you're a boss examining your own lower-than-expected performance, instead of wasting time searching for scapegoats, look in the mirror. Most bosses unwittingly exhibit bad leader behaviors daily that cause their businesses to suffer."

Here are four increasingly prevalent and damaging behaviors:

• The unethical boss: This is a category that doesn't just annoy employees, it appalls them. As such, it's a powerful demotivater. When a boss breaks or fudges the rules, cheats, lies or indulges in behaviors that reveal a lack of moral principles, he or she loses employees' respect. Without their respect, a boss cannot lead. In addition, when a leader indulges in unethical practices, he gives his employees permission to do the same. Padding mileage reports, splurging on business travel expenses, failing to take responsibility for mistakes - they all become endorsed activities by the boss - the role model.

• The unfair boss: Our current societal efforts to treat people equally - think gay marriage, health care reform, the children of undocumented immigrants - have led to confusion among some leaders about "equality" versus "fairness" in the workplace. "I talked to a manager who gave all his employees the same pay raise because 'he wanted to be fair,' " Brush recalls. He then seemed mystified that the productivity of his best employees declined to that of an average worker. "Rewards can be powerful tools of motivation, but they must be administered fairly."

• The buddy boss: Bosses can never be buddies with their employees. Ever. Friendships neutralize the boss's authority and power. They can also cloud a leader's objectivity and hinder her ability to correct behaviors, to delegate, and to hold employees accountable. When friendships compromise output, it's the boss who will be accountable. "Be friendly to employees, but do not cross the line that muddies the relationship between boss and friend. It could cost you your job." Brush says.

• The disorganized boss: Workplaces are filled with employees who lack direction because disorganized leaders don't deliver and manage plans and strategies to guide their teams. What's the chance of an unguided team maximizing its productivity to create competitively superior innovative widgets? "What's the chance of employees being inspired by a leader who leads like a doormat or by random thoughts?" says Brush.

"As a manager, you wield a tremendous amount of power," she says. "You can be an incredibly negative power or a positive one who's looked up to by both peers and employees."

"For the latter, bosses have to purge the bad behaviors."

About Kathleen Brush

Kathleen Brush has more than two decades of experience as a senior executive with global business responsibilities. She has a Ph.D. in management and international studies. Brush has been teaching, writing and consulting on international business and leadership for companies of all sizes, public and private, foreign and domestic.

Expert Offers 4 Tips for Getting Your Affairs
in Order in the Immediate Aftermath

Serial entrepreneur Susan Alpert captured the good life with her husband of 46 years, Larry. She had a great family and a successful career, including running several multimillion dollar companies.

"After a fairy-tale wedding, we lived 'happily ever after' - as happy as real-life gets -except, of course, that's not really the end of the story," says Alpert, author of "Driving Solo," (www.susanalpertconsulting.com). "Ten months after my husband was diagnosed with leukemia, I lost him - along with my passion and ability to focus on a purpose for living."

She was overwhelmed with the amount of financial, legal, civic and personal paper work necessary for settling the present and for planning the future. For two years, Alpert says, she was a shell of the happy person she used to be. Despite her business savvy, she had initially experienced major difficulty in navigating her personal finances.

"I sat with a cosmic void in me which I had no idea how to fill; then, it suddenly came to me," she says. "What does one do to handle the practical aspects of settling the estate after the loss of a loved one? Who do you notify and when? What papers do you need to file, and which documents do you need to amend? How do you untangle the pieces, and what do you do with them once there's some order? How do you tend to business when you're in a fog of grief?"

Each year, approximately 1.2 million Americans lose their spouses. Alpert decided she would help these survivors. She offers these tips for handling the immediate aftermath of a spouse's death.

• Define your workspace. Establish a workplace where you will deal with the paperwork, phone calls, etc. If you have an office or guest room, either is a good choice. Do not use your living room, kitchen or bedroom - the places where you live. Your work space will be focused on the past, and your living space should be devoted to the present. Supply your workspace with stamps and envelopes, stapler, paper clips, file cabinet, etc.

• Keep a contact binder near your telephone to record the dates, names, numbers, and relevant notes regarding all phone conversations. This contact book is an essential resource that you will use often, and a great time-saver. This chronological listing makes it easy to identify at a glance with whom you spoke and when. Dedicate this binder to matters pertaining solely to the business aspects of your loss.

•  Non-family notifications to make immediately: You will need to notify your lawyer, accountant, financial advisor, banking institutions and the Social Security Administration to advise them of the situation. Keep records of your calls in your contact binder. Make certain you ask what you must do to follow through. Have them repeat it. When possible, get it in writing. An e-mail or fax is as good as a hard copy.

• Keep your receipts!: While it may be the farthest thing from your mind now, many of the expenses associated with this process can be reimbursed via the estate or itemized and deducted on your tax return. These include costs associated with documentation (e.g., photocopying, postage, and mileage) as well as records and receipts relating to funeral expenses. Later, you can check with your legal and tax advisors for current rules and regulations, and to discuss whether you qualify for these write-offs.

About Susan Alpert

Susan Alpert is the creator of Chaos to Control, a program through which she coaches the bereaved on business aspects of death and other major life changes. Alpert - a successful businesswoman, educator and serial entrepreneur who has run several multimillion dollar companies - created the program after losing her husband of 46 years. Alpert is the founder of several companies, numerous focus groups and most recently her own consulting firm. Alpert holds master's degrees in psychology and education, and has extensive experience in the fields of negotiation, finance, international services and business.

Pages